副詞是指在句子中表達行為或狀態(tài)特征的詞。用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞和整句話,表達時間、地點、程度和方式等概念。
1.副詞的句法功能
(1)作狀語
The accident happened chiefly because you were careless.
(2)作表語
Positive ideas are everywhere..
(3)作補足語
Only struggle can help us out.
2.副詞的排列順序
方式副詞—-地點副詞——時間副詞
She sang beautifully in the hall lastnight.
形容詞,副詞的比較等級及其用法
1、形容詞和副詞的原級比較
She is as beautiful as Mary.
He works as hard as she.
He is not as tall as I.
He doesn’t work so hard as she.
2、形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則
一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,比較級在后面加-er,最高級在后面加-est;
(1).單音節(jié)詞如:
small→smaller→smallestshort→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallestgreat→greater→greatest
雙音節(jié)詞如:
clever→cleverer→cleverestnarrow→narrower→narrowest
(2).以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞,比較在原級后加-r,最高級在原級后加-st;
如:
large→larger→largestnice→nicer→nicestable→abler→ablest
(3).在重讀閉音節(jié)(即:輔音+元音+輔音)中,先雙寫末尾的輔音字母,比較級加-er,最高級加-est;如:
big→bigger→biggesthot→hotter→hottestfat→fatter→fattest
(4).以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,把y改為i,比較級加-er,最高級加-est;如:
easy→easier→easiest
heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiesthappy→happier→happiest
(5).其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,比較級在前面加more,最高級在前面加most;如:
beautiful→morebeautiful→mostbeautiful
different→moredifferent→mostdifferent
easily→moreeasily→mosteasily
注意:
(1)形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞the,副詞最高級前可不用.例句:The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
(2)形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級的含義,只表示”非常”.
It is a most important problem.
(6).有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級是不規(guī)則的,必須熟記;
如:
good→better→bestwell→better→best
bad→worse→worstill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→mostlittle→less→least
far→further/farther→furthest/farthest
3、形容詞,副詞的比較級用法
Wisdom is more precious than wealth.
Imagination is more important than knowledge.
4、形容詞,副詞的最高級用法
This is the best picture in the hall.
He is the oldest in the class.
He works the hardest amongus.